TY - JOUR

T1 - Testing trade-offs and the dominance-impoverishment rule among ant communities

AU - Sheard, Julie K.

AU - Nelson, Annika S.

AU - Berggreen, Jeppe D.

AU - Boulay, Raphael

AU - Dunn, Robert R.

AU - Sanders, Nathan J.

PY - 2020

Y1 - 2020

N2 - Aim Ant communities are believed to be structured by competition, with dominant species competitively excluding subordinates (the dominance-impoverishment rule). However, a high number of seemingly similar species coexist, possibly due to interspecific trade-offs. Here, we examine the evidence for the dominance-impoverishment rule across a broad latitudinal gradient and explore whether trade-offs explain coexistence within and among ant communities. Location 40 sites in 19 countries across Europe, western North America and northern South America. Taxon Formicidae. Methods We conducted 2-hr baiting experiments at each site. Three dominance scores were calculated for each species at each site where it occurred. We then examined the relationship between ant dominance and diversity and tested for the generality of three trade-offs (dominance-discovery, dominance-thermal tolerance and dominance-generalism) within and among ant communities along with the possible effects of environmental variables on these trade-offs. Results We found no support for the dominance-impoverishment rule. Instead, overall species richness at baits was positively correlated with the number of dominant species and exhibited a unimodal relationship with the relative abundance of dominant ants. Moreover, we found little consistent evidence for the three interspecific trade-offs. Main conclusion Although total species richness at baits is positively correlated with species richness of dominant species and, to a point, increasing worker numbers of dominants, trade-offs among species do not appear to shape broad-scale patterns of coexistence among ants. Species richness declines only when the numbers of dominant workers are very high. Together, these results suggest that while trade-offs and the dominance-impoverishment rule might promote coexistence or shape ant communities in some locations, the evidence for their being general across communities is scant.

AB - Aim Ant communities are believed to be structured by competition, with dominant species competitively excluding subordinates (the dominance-impoverishment rule). However, a high number of seemingly similar species coexist, possibly due to interspecific trade-offs. Here, we examine the evidence for the dominance-impoverishment rule across a broad latitudinal gradient and explore whether trade-offs explain coexistence within and among ant communities. Location 40 sites in 19 countries across Europe, western North America and northern South America. Taxon Formicidae. Methods We conducted 2-hr baiting experiments at each site. Three dominance scores were calculated for each species at each site where it occurred. We then examined the relationship between ant dominance and diversity and tested for the generality of three trade-offs (dominance-discovery, dominance-thermal tolerance and dominance-generalism) within and among ant communities along with the possible effects of environmental variables on these trade-offs. Results We found no support for the dominance-impoverishment rule. Instead, overall species richness at baits was positively correlated with the number of dominant species and exhibited a unimodal relationship with the relative abundance of dominant ants. Moreover, we found little consistent evidence for the three interspecific trade-offs. Main conclusion Although total species richness at baits is positively correlated with species richness of dominant species and, to a point, increasing worker numbers of dominants, trade-offs among species do not appear to shape broad-scale patterns of coexistence among ants. Species richness declines only when the numbers of dominant workers are very high. Together, these results suggest that while trade-offs and the dominance-impoverishment rule might promote coexistence or shape ant communities in some locations, the evidence for their being general across communities is scant.

KW - biogeography

KW - competition

KW - discovery

KW - dominance

KW - formicidae

KW - resource use

KW - thermal tolerance

KW - HYMENOPTERA-FORMICIDAE

KW - RESOURCE DISCOVERY

KW - THERMAL TOLERANCE

KW - SPECIES-DIVERSITY

KW - FUNCTIONAL-GROUPS

KW - MORTALITY RISK

KW - COMPETITION

KW - COEXISTENCE

KW - ORGANIZATION

KW - ASSEMBLAGES

U2 - 10.1111/jbi.13911

DO - 10.1111/jbi.13911

M3 - Journal article

VL - 47

SP - 1899

EP - 1909

JO - Journal of Biogeography

JF - Journal of Biogeography

SN - 0305-0270

IS - 9

ER -