Host-derived population genomics data provides insights into bacterial and diatom composition of the killer whale skin

Research output: Contribution to journalJournal articlepeer-review

  • Rebecca Hooper
  • Jaelle C. Brealey
  • Tom van der Valk
  • Alberdi Estibaritz, Antton
  • John W. Durban
  • Holly Fearnbach
  • Kelly M. Robertson
  • Robin W. Baird
  • M. Bradley Hanson
  • Paul Wade
  • Gilbert, Tom
  • Phillip A. Morin
  • Jochen B. W. Wolf
  • Andrew D. Foote
  • Katerina Guschanski

Recent exploration into the interactions and relationship between hosts and their microbiota has revealed a connection between many aspects of the host's biology, health and associated micro-organisms. Whereas amplicon sequencing has traditionally been used to characterize the microbiome, the increasing number of published population genomics data sets offers an underexploited opportunity to study microbial profiles from the host shotgun sequencing data. Here, we use sequence data originally generated from killer whale Orcinus orca skin biopsies for population genomics, to characterize the skin microbiome and investigate how host social and geographical factors influence the microbial community composition. Having identified 845 microbial taxa from 2.4 million reads that did not map to the killer whale reference genome, we found that both ecotypic and geographical factors influence community composition of killer whale skin microbiomes. Furthermore, we uncovered key taxa that drive the microbiome community composition and showed that they are embedded in unique networks, one of which is tentatively linked to diatom presence and poor skin condition. Community composition differed between Antarctic killer whales with and without diatom coverage, suggesting that the previously reported episodic migrations of Antarctic killer whales to warmer waters associated with skin turnover may control the effects of potentially pathogenic bacteria such as Tenacibaculum dicentrarchi. Our work demonstrates the feasibility of microbiome studies from host shotgun sequencing data and highlights the importance of metagenomics in understanding the relationship between host and microbial ecology.

Original languageEnglish
JournalMolecular Ecology
Volume28
Issue number2
Pages (from-to)484-502
Number of pages19
ISSN0962-1083
DOIs
Publication statusPublished - 2019

    Research areas

  • Cetacea, contamination, metagenomics, microbiota, Orcinus orca

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