Bird lineages colonizing urban habitats have diversified at high rates across deep time
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Bird lineages colonizing urban habitats have diversified at high rates across deep time. / Iglesias-Carrasco, Maider; Tobias, Joseph A.; Duchêne, David A.
In: Global Ecology and Biogeography, Vol. 31, No. 9, 2022, p. 1784-1793.Research output: Contribution to journal › Journal article › Research › peer-review
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TY - JOUR
T1 - Bird lineages colonizing urban habitats have diversified at high rates across deep time
AU - Iglesias-Carrasco, Maider
AU - Tobias, Joseph A.
AU - Duchêne, David A.
N1 - Publisher Copyright: © 2022 The Authors. Global Ecology and Biogeography published by John Wiley & Sons Ltd.
PY - 2022
Y1 - 2022
N2 - Aim: Urbanization exposes species to novel ecological conditions. Some species thrive in urban areas, whereas many others are excluded from these human-made environments. Previous analyses suggest that the ability to cope with rapid environmental change is associated with long-term patterns of diversification, but whether the suite of traits associated with the ability to colonize urban environments is linked to this process remains poorly understood. Location: World. Time period: Current. Major taxa studied: Passerine birds. Methods: We applied macroevolutionary models to a large dataset of passerine birds to compare the evolutionary history of urban-tolerant species with that of urban-avoidant species. Specifically, we examined models of state-dependent speciation and extinction to assess the macroevolution of urban tolerance as a binary trait, in addition to models of quantitative trait-dependent diversification based on relative urban abundance. We also ran simulation-based model assessments to explore potential sources of bias. Results: We provide evidence that historically, species with traits promoting urban colonization have undergone faster diversification than urban-avoidant species, indicating that urbanization favours clades with a historical tendency towards rapid speciation or reduced extinction. In addition, we find that past transitions towards states that currently impede urban colonization by passerines have been more frequent than in the opposite direction. Furthermore, we find a portion of urban-avoidant passerines to be recent and to undergo fast diversification. All highly supported models give this result consistently. Main conclusions: Urbanization is mainly associated with the loss of lineages that are inherently more vulnerable to extinction over deep time, whereas cities tend to be colonized by less vulnerable lineages, for which urbanization might be neutral or positive in terms of longer-term diversification. Urban avoidance is associated with high rates of recent diversification for some clades occurring in regions with relatively intact natural ecosystems and low current levels of urbanization.
AB - Aim: Urbanization exposes species to novel ecological conditions. Some species thrive in urban areas, whereas many others are excluded from these human-made environments. Previous analyses suggest that the ability to cope with rapid environmental change is associated with long-term patterns of diversification, but whether the suite of traits associated with the ability to colonize urban environments is linked to this process remains poorly understood. Location: World. Time period: Current. Major taxa studied: Passerine birds. Methods: We applied macroevolutionary models to a large dataset of passerine birds to compare the evolutionary history of urban-tolerant species with that of urban-avoidant species. Specifically, we examined models of state-dependent speciation and extinction to assess the macroevolution of urban tolerance as a binary trait, in addition to models of quantitative trait-dependent diversification based on relative urban abundance. We also ran simulation-based model assessments to explore potential sources of bias. Results: We provide evidence that historically, species with traits promoting urban colonization have undergone faster diversification than urban-avoidant species, indicating that urbanization favours clades with a historical tendency towards rapid speciation or reduced extinction. In addition, we find that past transitions towards states that currently impede urban colonization by passerines have been more frequent than in the opposite direction. Furthermore, we find a portion of urban-avoidant passerines to be recent and to undergo fast diversification. All highly supported models give this result consistently. Main conclusions: Urbanization is mainly associated with the loss of lineages that are inherently more vulnerable to extinction over deep time, whereas cities tend to be colonized by less vulnerable lineages, for which urbanization might be neutral or positive in terms of longer-term diversification. Urban avoidance is associated with high rates of recent diversification for some clades occurring in regions with relatively intact natural ecosystems and low current levels of urbanization.
KW - anthropic habitats
KW - land-use change
KW - macroevolution
KW - passerines
KW - trait-dependent diversification
KW - urban biodiversity
U2 - 10.1111/geb.13558
DO - 10.1111/geb.13558
M3 - Journal article
C2 - 36246452
AN - SCOPUS:85132335378
VL - 31
SP - 1784
EP - 1793
JO - Global Ecology and Biogeography
JF - Global Ecology and Biogeography
SN - 1466-822X
IS - 9
ER -
ID: 321478854