The reconstruction of evolutionary relationships among species is fundamental for our understanding of biodiversity. Today, evolutionary relationships are closely related with the depiction of the tree of life, and research on the topic is underpinned by methods in molecular phylogenetics that have grown in popularity since the 1960s. These methods depend on our understanding of how nucleotide or amino acid sequences evolve through time and in different lineages. Armed with this knowledge, researchers can make inferences about the relationships and amount of genomic divergence among species.