TY - JOUR

T1 - The dark art of cultivating glacier ice algae

AU - Jensen, Marie Bolander

AU - Perini, Laura

AU - Halbach, Laura

AU - Jakobsen, Hans

AU - Haraguchi, Lumi

AU - Ribeiro, Sofia

AU - Tranter, Martyn

AU - Benning, Liane G.

AU - Anesio, Alexandre M.

N1 - Publisher Copyright: © 2023 The Author(s). Published by Informa UK Limited, trading as Taylor & Francis Group.

PY - 2024

Y1 - 2024

N2 - The Ancylonema genus includes the most-documented microalgae on glaciers and ice sheets worldwide. There is significant interest in these microalgae in the context of climate change, considering their role in lowering surface ice albedo and acceleration of ice melt. However, currently, no cultures of the two closely related species A. nordenskiöldii or A. alaskanum have been established, restricting our ability to study these globally important species under laboratory conditions. We established and kept cultures of Ancylonema sp. alive for up to 2 years, by testing and optimizing different growth media and parameters. Maximum growth was achieved when using 1:100 diluted media with soil extract and low light intensity (300 µmol m−2s−1). However, as a consequence of incubation in lab conditions, some of the cultures lost their purpurogallin pigmentation and appeared green. Sanger sequencing of the ribulose-1,5 bisphosphate carboxylase/oxygenase large subunit (rbcL) marker gene revealed a large genetic diversity (possibly cryptic) and confirmed the cultures as falling within the same clade as A. nordenskiöldii and A. alaskanum. Growth experiments allowed us to estimate a division rate of between 15 ± 5.2 and 21.9 ± 4.8 days. This is up to 4 times slower than current field-based estimates (3.75–5.5 days) and indicates that, despite the successful growth and long-term maintenance of the cultures, laboratory settings can be further improved to achieve optimal growth conditions.

AB - The Ancylonema genus includes the most-documented microalgae on glaciers and ice sheets worldwide. There is significant interest in these microalgae in the context of climate change, considering their role in lowering surface ice albedo and acceleration of ice melt. However, currently, no cultures of the two closely related species A. nordenskiöldii or A. alaskanum have been established, restricting our ability to study these globally important species under laboratory conditions. We established and kept cultures of Ancylonema sp. alive for up to 2 years, by testing and optimizing different growth media and parameters. Maximum growth was achieved when using 1:100 diluted media with soil extract and low light intensity (300 µmol m−2s−1). However, as a consequence of incubation in lab conditions, some of the cultures lost their purpurogallin pigmentation and appeared green. Sanger sequencing of the ribulose-1,5 bisphosphate carboxylase/oxygenase large subunit (rbcL) marker gene revealed a large genetic diversity (possibly cryptic) and confirmed the cultures as falling within the same clade as A. nordenskiöldii and A. alaskanum. Growth experiments allowed us to estimate a division rate of between 15 ± 5.2 and 21.9 ± 4.8 days. This is up to 4 times slower than current field-based estimates (3.75–5.5 days) and indicates that, despite the successful growth and long-term maintenance of the cultures, laboratory settings can be further improved to achieve optimal growth conditions.

KW - arctic

KW - climate change

KW - cultivation

KW - Glacier ice algae

KW - Greenland ice sheet

KW - microalgae

KW - oligotrophic conditions

U2 - 10.1080/23818107.2023.2248235

DO - 10.1080/23818107.2023.2248235

M3 - Journal article

AN - SCOPUS:85169837170

JO - Botany Letters

JF - Botany Letters

SN - 2381-8107

ER -