Resonance in the K2-19 system is at odds with its high reported eccentricities

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K2-19 hosts a planetary system composed of two outer planets, b and c, with size of 7.0 ± 0.2 R⊕ and 4.1 ± 0.2 R⊕, and an inner planet, d, with a radius of 1.11 ± 0.05 R® A recent analysis of Transit-Timing Variations (TTVs) suggested b and c are close to but not in 3:2 mean motion resonance (MMR) because the classical resonant angles circulate. Such an architecture challenges our understanding of planet formation. Indeed, planet migration through the protoplanetary disc should lead to a capture into the MMR. Here, we show that the planets are in fact, locked into the 3:2 resonance despite circulation of the conventional resonant angles and aligned periapses. However, we show that such an orbital configuration cannot be maintained for more than a few hundred million years due to the tidal dissipation experienced by planet d. The tidal dissipation remains efficient because of a secular forcing of the innermost planet eccentricity by planets b and c. While the observations strongly rule out an orbital solution where the three planets are on close to circular orbits, it remains possible that a fourth planet is affecting the TTVs such that the four planet system is consistent with the tidal constraints.

Original languageEnglish
JournalMonthly Notices of the Royal Astronomical Society
Volume496
Issue number3
Pages (from-to)3101-3111
Number of pages11
ISSN0035-8711
DOIs
Publication statusPublished - 2020
Externally publishedYes

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    Research areas

  • Celestial mechanics, Planets and satellites: Dynamical evolution and stability, Planets and satellites: Formation, Planets and satellites: Individual: (K2-19b, K2-19c, K2-19d)

ID: 327139873