A strategic model of a host-microbe-microbe system reveals the importance of a joint host-microbe immune response to combat stress-induced gut dysbiosis
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Microbiomes provide key ecological functions to their host; however, most host-associated microbiomes are too complicated to allow a model of essential host-microbe-microbe interactions. The intestinal microbiota of salmonids may offer a solution since few dominating species often characterize it. Healthy fish coexist with a mutualistic Mycoplasma sp. species, while stress allows the spread of pathogenic strains, such as Aliivibrio sp. Even after a skin infection, the Mycoplasma does not recover; Aliivibrio sp. often remains the dominant species, or Mycoplasma-Aliivibrio coexistence was occasionally observed. We devised a model involving interactions among the host immune system, Mycoplasma sp. plus a toxin-producing pathogen. Our model embraces a complete microbiota community and is in harmony with experimental results that host-Mycoplasma mutualism prevents the spread of pathogens. Contrary, stress suppresses the host immune system allowing dominance of pathogens, and Mycoplasma does not recover after stress disappears.
Original language | English |
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Article number | 912806 |
Journal | Frontiers in Microbiology |
Volume | 13 |
Number of pages | 12 |
ISSN | 1664-302X |
DOIs | |
Publication status | Published - 2022 |
- bistability, mutualism, stress, pathogens, salmonids, microbiome, Mycoplasma sp, Aliivibrio sp, SALMON SALMO-SALAR, TROUT ONCORHYNCHUS-MYKISS, ATLANTIC SALMON, COMMUNITY, EVOLUTION, ANIMALS, DISEASE
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