TY - JOUR

T1 - Chromatographic speciation of Cr(III)-species, inter-species equilibrium isotope fractionation and improved chemical purification strategies for high-precision isotope analysis

AU - Larsen, Kirsten Kolbjørn

AU - Wielandt, Daniel Kim Peel

AU - Schiller, Martin

AU - Bizzarro, Martin

PY - 2016

Y1 - 2016

N2 - Chromatographic purification of chromium (Cr), which is required for high-precision isotope analysis, is complicated by the presence of multiple Cr-species with different effective charges in the acid digested sample aliquots. The differing ion exchange selectivity and sluggish reaction rates of these species can result in incomplete Cr recovery during chromatographic purification. Because of large mass-dependent inter-species isotope fractionation, incomplete recovery can affect the accuracy of high-precision Cr isotope analysis. Here, we demonstrate widely differing cation distribution coefficients of Cr(III)-species (Cr3+, CrCl2+ and CrCl2 +) with equilibrium mass-dependent isotope fractionation spanning a range of ∼1‰/amu and consistent with theory. The heaviest isotopes partition into Cr3+, intermediates in CrCl2+ and the lightest in CrCl2 +/CrCl3°. Thus, for a typical reported loss of ∼25% Cr (in the form of Cr3+) through chromatographic purification, this translates into 185ppm/amu offset in the stable Cr isotope ratio of the residual sample. Depending on the validity of the mass-bias correction during isotope analysis, this further results in artificial mass-independent effects in the mass-bias corrected 53Cr/52Cr (μ53Cr* of 5.2ppm) and 54Cr/52Cr (μ54Cr* of 13.5ppm) components used to infer chronometric and nucleosynthetic information in meteorites. To mitigate these fractionation effects, we developed strategic chemical sample pre-treatment procedures that ensure high and reproducible Cr recovery. This is achieved either through 1) effective promotion of Cr3+ by >5 days exposure to HNO3 H2O2 solutions at room temperature, resulting in >∼98% Cr recovery for most types of sample matrices tested using a cationic chromatographic retention strategy, or 2) formation of Cr(III)-Cl complexes through exposure to concentrated HCl at high temperature (>120°C) for several hours, resulting in >97.5% Cr recovery using a chromatographic elution strategy that takes advantage of the slow reaction kinetics of de-chlorination of Cr in dilute HCl at room temperature. These procedures significantly improve cation chromatographic purification of Cr over previous methods and allow for high-purity Cr isotope analysis with a total recovery of >95%.

AB - Chromatographic purification of chromium (Cr), which is required for high-precision isotope analysis, is complicated by the presence of multiple Cr-species with different effective charges in the acid digested sample aliquots. The differing ion exchange selectivity and sluggish reaction rates of these species can result in incomplete Cr recovery during chromatographic purification. Because of large mass-dependent inter-species isotope fractionation, incomplete recovery can affect the accuracy of high-precision Cr isotope analysis. Here, we demonstrate widely differing cation distribution coefficients of Cr(III)-species (Cr3+, CrCl2+ and CrCl2 +) with equilibrium mass-dependent isotope fractionation spanning a range of ∼1‰/amu and consistent with theory. The heaviest isotopes partition into Cr3+, intermediates in CrCl2+ and the lightest in CrCl2 +/CrCl3°. Thus, for a typical reported loss of ∼25% Cr (in the form of Cr3+) through chromatographic purification, this translates into 185ppm/amu offset in the stable Cr isotope ratio of the residual sample. Depending on the validity of the mass-bias correction during isotope analysis, this further results in artificial mass-independent effects in the mass-bias corrected 53Cr/52Cr (μ53Cr* of 5.2ppm) and 54Cr/52Cr (μ54Cr* of 13.5ppm) components used to infer chronometric and nucleosynthetic information in meteorites. To mitigate these fractionation effects, we developed strategic chemical sample pre-treatment procedures that ensure high and reproducible Cr recovery. This is achieved either through 1) effective promotion of Cr3+ by >5 days exposure to HNO3 H2O2 solutions at room temperature, resulting in >∼98% Cr recovery for most types of sample matrices tested using a cationic chromatographic retention strategy, or 2) formation of Cr(III)-Cl complexes through exposure to concentrated HCl at high temperature (>120°C) for several hours, resulting in >97.5% Cr recovery using a chromatographic elution strategy that takes advantage of the slow reaction kinetics of de-chlorination of Cr in dilute HCl at room temperature. These procedures significantly improve cation chromatographic purification of Cr over previous methods and allow for high-purity Cr isotope analysis with a total recovery of >95%.

KW - Chromatographic purification

KW - Chromium distribution coefficient

KW - Chromium speciation

KW - High-precision isotope analysis

KW - Isotope fractionation

U2 - 10.1016/j.chroma.2016.03.040

DO - 10.1016/j.chroma.2016.03.040

M3 - Journal article

C2 - 27036208

VL - 1443

SP - 162

EP - 174

JO - Journal of Chromatography

JF - Journal of Chromatography

SN - 0301-4770

ER -