Complete mitochondrial genome phylogeographic analysis of killer whales (Orcinus orca) indicates multiple species
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Complete mitochondrial genome phylogeographic analysis of killer whales (Orcinus orca) indicates multiple species. / Morin, Phillip A; Archer, Frederick I.; Foote, Andrew David; Mouatt, Julia Thidamarth Vilstrup; Allen, Eric E.; Wade, Paul; Durban, John; Parsons, Kim; Pitman, Robert; Li, Lewyn; Bouffard, Pascal; Nielsen, Sandra Cathrine Abel; Rasmussen, Morten; Willerslev, Eske; Gilbert, Tom; Harkins, Timothy.
In: Genome Research, Vol. 20, No. 7, 01.07.2010, p. 908-916.Research output: Contribution to journal › Journal article › Research › peer-review
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TY - JOUR
T1 - Complete mitochondrial genome phylogeographic analysis of killer whales (Orcinus orca) indicates multiple species
AU - Morin, Phillip A
AU - Archer, Frederick I.
AU - Foote, Andrew David
AU - Mouatt, Julia Thidamarth Vilstrup
AU - Allen, Eric E.
AU - Wade, Paul
AU - Durban, John
AU - Parsons, Kim
AU - Pitman, Robert
AU - Li, Lewyn
AU - Bouffard, Pascal
AU - Nielsen, Sandra Cathrine Abel
AU - Rasmussen, Morten
AU - Willerslev, Eske
AU - Gilbert, Tom
AU - Harkins, Timothy
PY - 2010/7/1
Y1 - 2010/7/1
N2 - Killer whales (Orcinus orca) currently comprise a single, cosmopolitan species with a diverse diet. However, studies over the last 30 yr have revealed populations of sympatric "ecotypes" with discrete prey preferences, morphology, and behaviors. Although these ecotypes avoid social interactions and are not known to interbreed, genetic studies to date have found extremely low levels of diversity in the mitochondrial control region, and few clear phylogeographic patterns worldwide. This low level of diversity is likely due to low mitochondrial mutation rates that are common to cetaceans. Using killer whales as a case study, we have developed a method to readily sequence, assemble, and analyze complete mitochondrial genomes from large numbers of samples to more accurately assess phylogeography and estimate divergence times. This represents an important tool for wildlife management, not only for killer whales but for many marine taxa. We used high-throughput sequencing to survey whole mitochondrial genome variation of 139 samples from the North Pacific, North Atlantic, and southern oceans. Phylogenetic analysis indicated that each of the known ecotypes represents a strongly supported clade with divergence times ranging from approximately 150,000 to 700,000 yr ago. We recommend that three named ecotypes be elevated to full species, and that the remaining types be recognized as subspecies pending additional data. Establishing appropriate taxonomic designations will greatly aid in understanding the ecological impacts and conservation needs of these important marine predators. We predict that phylogeographic mitogenomics will become an important tool for improved statistical phylogeography and more precise estimates of divergence times.
AB - Killer whales (Orcinus orca) currently comprise a single, cosmopolitan species with a diverse diet. However, studies over the last 30 yr have revealed populations of sympatric "ecotypes" with discrete prey preferences, morphology, and behaviors. Although these ecotypes avoid social interactions and are not known to interbreed, genetic studies to date have found extremely low levels of diversity in the mitochondrial control region, and few clear phylogeographic patterns worldwide. This low level of diversity is likely due to low mitochondrial mutation rates that are common to cetaceans. Using killer whales as a case study, we have developed a method to readily sequence, assemble, and analyze complete mitochondrial genomes from large numbers of samples to more accurately assess phylogeography and estimate divergence times. This represents an important tool for wildlife management, not only for killer whales but for many marine taxa. We used high-throughput sequencing to survey whole mitochondrial genome variation of 139 samples from the North Pacific, North Atlantic, and southern oceans. Phylogenetic analysis indicated that each of the known ecotypes represents a strongly supported clade with divergence times ranging from approximately 150,000 to 700,000 yr ago. We recommend that three named ecotypes be elevated to full species, and that the remaining types be recognized as subspecies pending additional data. Establishing appropriate taxonomic designations will greatly aid in understanding the ecological impacts and conservation needs of these important marine predators. We predict that phylogeographic mitogenomics will become an important tool for improved statistical phylogeography and more precise estimates of divergence times.
KW - Animals
KW - Base Sequence
KW - Genetic Speciation
KW - Genetic Variation
KW - Genome, Mitochondrial
KW - Geography
KW - Molecular Sequence Data
KW - Oceans and Seas
KW - Phylogeny
KW - Sequence Analysis, DNA
KW - Sequence Homology, Nucleic Acid
KW - Species Specificity
KW - Whale, Killer
U2 - 10.1101/gr.102954.109
DO - 10.1101/gr.102954.109
M3 - Journal article
C2 - 20413674
VL - 20
SP - 908
EP - 916
JO - Genome Research
JF - Genome Research
SN - 1088-9051
IS - 7
ER -
ID: 32221008