Increased diversification rates follow shifts to bisexuality in liverworts
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Increased diversification rates follow shifts to bisexuality in liverworts. / Laenen, Benjamin; Machac, Antonin; Gradstein, S. Robbert; Shaw, Blanka; Patiño, Jairo; Désamoré, Aurélie; Goffinet, Bernard; Cox, Cymon J.; Shaw, A. Jonathan; Vanderpoorten, Alain.
In: New Phytologist, Vol. 210, No. 3, 2016, p. 1121-1129.Research output: Contribution to journal › Journal article › Research › peer-review
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TY - JOUR
T1 - Increased diversification rates follow shifts to bisexuality in liverworts
AU - Laenen, Benjamin
AU - Machac, Antonin
AU - Gradstein, S. Robbert
AU - Shaw, Blanka
AU - Patiño, Jairo
AU - Désamoré, Aurélie
AU - Goffinet, Bernard
AU - Cox, Cymon J.
AU - Shaw, A. Jonathan
AU - Vanderpoorten, Alain
N1 - © 2016 The Authors. New Phytologist © 2016 New Phytologist Trust.
PY - 2016
Y1 - 2016
N2 - Shifts in sexual systems are one of the key drivers of species diversification. In contrast to angiosperms, unisexuality prevails in bryophytes. Here, we test the hypotheses that bisexuality evolved from an ancestral unisexual condition and is a key innovation in liverworts. We investigate whether shifts in sexual systems influence diversification using hidden state speciation and extinction analysis (HiSSE). This new method compares the effects of the variable of interest to the best-fitting latent variable, yielding robust and conservative tests. We find that the transitions in sexual systems are significantly biased toward unisexuality, even though bisexuality is coupled with increased diversification. Sexual systems are strongly conserved deep within the liverwort tree but become much more labile toward the present. Bisexuality appears to be a key innovation in liverworts. Its effects on diversification are presumably mediated by the interplay of high fertilization rates, massive spore production and long-distance dispersal, which may separately or together have facilitated liverwort speciation, suppressed their extinction, or both. Importantly, shifts in liverwort sexual systems have the opposite effect when compared to angiosperms, leading to contrasting diversification patterns between the two groups. The high prevalence of unisexuality among liverworts suggests, however, a strong selection for sexual dimorphism.
AB - Shifts in sexual systems are one of the key drivers of species diversification. In contrast to angiosperms, unisexuality prevails in bryophytes. Here, we test the hypotheses that bisexuality evolved from an ancestral unisexual condition and is a key innovation in liverworts. We investigate whether shifts in sexual systems influence diversification using hidden state speciation and extinction analysis (HiSSE). This new method compares the effects of the variable of interest to the best-fitting latent variable, yielding robust and conservative tests. We find that the transitions in sexual systems are significantly biased toward unisexuality, even though bisexuality is coupled with increased diversification. Sexual systems are strongly conserved deep within the liverwort tree but become much more labile toward the present. Bisexuality appears to be a key innovation in liverworts. Its effects on diversification are presumably mediated by the interplay of high fertilization rates, massive spore production and long-distance dispersal, which may separately or together have facilitated liverwort speciation, suppressed their extinction, or both. Importantly, shifts in liverwort sexual systems have the opposite effect when compared to angiosperms, leading to contrasting diversification patterns between the two groups. The high prevalence of unisexuality among liverworts suggests, however, a strong selection for sexual dimorphism.
KW - Journal Article
KW - Research Support, Non-U.S. Gov't
KW - Research Support, U.S. Gov't, Non-P.H.S.
U2 - 10.1111/nph.13835
DO - 10.1111/nph.13835
M3 - Journal article
C2 - 27074401
VL - 210
SP - 1121
EP - 1129
JO - New Phytologist
JF - New Phytologist
SN - 0028-646X
IS - 3
ER -
ID: 169135657