TY - JOUR

T1 - Population genomics of post-glacial western Eurasia

AU - Allentoft, Morten E.

AU - Sikora, Martin

AU - Refoyo-Martínez, Alba

AU - Irving-Pease, Evan K.

AU - Fischer, Anders

AU - Barrie, William

AU - Ingason, Andrés

AU - Stenderup, Jesper

AU - Sjögren, Karl-Göran

AU - Pearson, Alice

AU - da Mota, Bárbara Sousa

AU - Paulsson, Bettina Schulz

AU - Halgren, Alma

AU - Macleod, Ruairidh

AU - Jørkov, Marie Louise Schjellerup

AU - Demeter, Fabrice

AU - Sørensen, Lasse

AU - Nielsen, Poul Otto

AU - Henriksen, Rasmus A.

AU - Vimala, Tharsika

AU - McColl, Hugh

AU - Margaryan, Ashot

AU - Ilardo, Melissa

AU - Vaughn, Andrew

AU - Mortensen, Morten Fischer

AU - Nielsen, Anne Birgitte

AU - Hede, Mikkel Ulfeldt

AU - Johannsen, Niels Nørkjær

AU - Rasmussen, Peter

AU - Vinner, Lasse

AU - Renaud, Gabriel

AU - Stern, Aaron

AU - Jensen, Theis Zetner Trolle

AU - Scorrano, Gabriele

AU - Schroeder, Hannes

AU - Lysdahl, Per

AU - Ramsøe, Abigail Daisy

AU - Skorobogatov, Andrei

AU - Schork, Andrew Joseph

AU - Rosengren, Anders

AU - Ruter, Anthony

AU - Outram, Alan

AU - Timoshenko, Aleksey A.

AU - Buzhilova, Alexandra

AU - Coppa, Alfredo

AU - Zubova, Alisa

AU - Silva, Ana Maria

AU - Hansen, Anders J.

AU - Gromov, Andrey

AU - Logvin, Andrey

AU - Gotfredsen, Anne Birgitte

AU - Nielsen, Bjarne Henning

AU - González-Rabanal, Borja

AU - Lalueza-Fox, Carles

AU - McKenzie, Catriona J.

AU - Gaunitz, Charleen

AU - Blasco, Concepción

AU - Liesau, Corina

AU - Martinez-Labarga, Cristina

AU - Pozdnyakov, Dmitri V.

AU - Cuenca-Solana, David

AU - Lordkipanidze, David O.

AU - En’shin, Dmitri

AU - Salazar-García, Domingo C.

AU - Price, T. Douglas

AU - Borić, Dušan

AU - Kostyleva, Elena

AU - Veselovskaya, Elizaveta V.

AU - Usmanova, Emma R.

AU - Cappellini, Enrico

AU - Petersen, Erik Brinch

AU - Kannegaard, Esben

AU - Radina, Francesca

AU - Yediay, Fulya Eylem

AU - Duday, Henri

AU - Gutiérrez-Zugasti, Igor

AU - Merts, Ilya

AU - Potekhina, Inna

AU - Shevnina, Irina

AU - Altinkaya, Isin

AU - Guilaine, Jean

AU - Hansen, Jesper

AU - Tortosa, Joan Emili Aura

AU - Zilhão, João

AU - Vega, Jorge

AU - Pedersen, Kristoffer Buck

AU - Tunia, Krzysztof

AU - Zhao, Lei

AU - Mylnikova, Liudmila N.

AU - Larsson, Lars

AU - Metz, Laure

AU - Yepiskoposyan, Levon

AU - Pedersen, Lisbeth

AU - Sarti, Lucia

AU - Orlando, Ludovic

AU - Slimak, Ludovic

AU - Klassen, Lutz

AU - Blank, Malou

AU - González-Morales, Manuel

AU - Silvestrini, Mara

AU - Vretemark, Maria

AU - Nesterova, Marina S.

AU - Rykun, Marina

AU - Rolfo, Mario Federico

AU - Szmyt, Marzena

AU - Przybyła, Marcin

AU - Calattini, Mauro

AU - Sablin, Mikhail

AU - Dobisíková, Miluše

AU - Meldgaard, Morten

AU - Johansen, Morten

AU - Berezina, Natalia

AU - Card, Nick

AU - Saveliev, Nikolai A.

AU - Poshekhonova, Olga

AU - Rickards, Olga

AU - Lozovskaya, Olga V.

AU - Gábor, Olivér

AU - Uldum, Otto Christian

AU - Aurino, Paola

AU - Kosintsev, Pavel

AU - Courtaud, Patrice

AU - Ríos, Patricia

AU - Mortensen, Peder

AU - Lotz, Per

AU - Persson, Per

AU - Bangsgaard, Pernille

AU - de Barros Damgaard, Peter

AU - Vang Petersen, Peter

AU - Martinez, Pilar Prieto

AU - Włodarczak, Piotr

AU - Smolyaninov, Roman V.

AU - Maring, Rikke

AU - Menduiña, Roberto

AU - Badalyan, Ruben

AU - Iversen, Rune

AU - Turin, Ruslan

AU - Vasilyev, Sergey

AU - Wåhlin, Sidsel

AU - Borutskaya, Svetlana

AU - Skochina, Svetlana

AU - Sørensen, Søren Anker

AU - Andersen, Søren H.

AU - Jørgensen, Thomas

AU - Serikov, Yuri B.

AU - Molodin, Vyacheslav I.

AU - Smrcka, Vaclav

AU - Merts, Victor

AU - Appadurai, Vivek

AU - Moiseyev, Vyacheslav

AU - Magnusson, Yvonne

AU - Kjær, Kurt H.

AU - Lynnerup, Niels

AU - Lawson, Daniel J.

AU - Sudmant, Peter H.

AU - Rasmussen, Simon

AU - Korneliussen, Thorfinn Sand

AU - Durbin, Richard

AU - Nielsen, Rasmus

AU - Delaneau, Olivier

AU - Werge, Thomas

AU - Racimo, Fernando

AU - Kristiansen, Kristian

AU - Willerslev, Eske

N1 - Corrigendum: https://doi.org/10.1038/s41586-024-07044-5 Publisher Copyright: © 2024, The Author(s).

PY - 2024

Y1 - 2024

N2 - Western Eurasia witnessed several large-scale human migrations during the Holocene1–5. Here, to investigate the cross-continental effects of these migrations, we shotgun-sequenced 317 genomes—mainly from the Mesolithic and Neolithic periods—from across northern and western Eurasia. These were imputed alongside published data to obtain diploid genotypes from more than 1,600 ancient humans. Our analyses revealed a ‘great divide’ genomic boundary extending from the Black Sea to the Baltic. Mesolithic hunter-gatherers were highly genetically differentiated east and west of this zone, and the effect of the neolithization was equally disparate. Large-scale ancestry shifts occurred in the west as farming was introduced, including near-total replacement of hunter-gatherers in many areas, whereas no substantial ancestry shifts happened east of the zone during the same period. Similarly, relatedness decreased in the west from the Neolithic transition onwards, whereas, east of the Urals, relatedness remained high until around 4,000 bp, consistent with the persistence of localized groups of hunter-gatherers. The boundary dissolved when Yamnaya-related ancestry spread across western Eurasia around 5,000 bp, resulting in a second major turnover that reached most parts of Europe within a 1,000-year span. The genetic origin and fate of the Yamnaya have remained elusive, but we show that hunter-gatherers from the Middle Don region contributed ancestry to them. Yamnaya groups later admixed with individuals associated with the Globular Amphora culture before expanding into Europe. Similar turnovers occurred in western Siberia, where we report new genomic data from a ‘Neolithic steppe’ cline spanning the Siberian forest steppe to Lake Baikal. These prehistoric migrations had profound and lasting effects on the genetic diversity of Eurasian populations.

AB - Western Eurasia witnessed several large-scale human migrations during the Holocene1–5. Here, to investigate the cross-continental effects of these migrations, we shotgun-sequenced 317 genomes—mainly from the Mesolithic and Neolithic periods—from across northern and western Eurasia. These were imputed alongside published data to obtain diploid genotypes from more than 1,600 ancient humans. Our analyses revealed a ‘great divide’ genomic boundary extending from the Black Sea to the Baltic. Mesolithic hunter-gatherers were highly genetically differentiated east and west of this zone, and the effect of the neolithization was equally disparate. Large-scale ancestry shifts occurred in the west as farming was introduced, including near-total replacement of hunter-gatherers in many areas, whereas no substantial ancestry shifts happened east of the zone during the same period. Similarly, relatedness decreased in the west from the Neolithic transition onwards, whereas, east of the Urals, relatedness remained high until around 4,000 bp, consistent with the persistence of localized groups of hunter-gatherers. The boundary dissolved when Yamnaya-related ancestry spread across western Eurasia around 5,000 bp, resulting in a second major turnover that reached most parts of Europe within a 1,000-year span. The genetic origin and fate of the Yamnaya have remained elusive, but we show that hunter-gatherers from the Middle Don region contributed ancestry to them. Yamnaya groups later admixed with individuals associated with the Globular Amphora culture before expanding into Europe. Similar turnovers occurred in western Siberia, where we report new genomic data from a ‘Neolithic steppe’ cline spanning the Siberian forest steppe to Lake Baikal. These prehistoric migrations had profound and lasting effects on the genetic diversity of Eurasian populations.

U2 - 10.1038/s41586-023-06865-0

DO - 10.1038/s41586-023-06865-0

M3 - Journal article

C2 - 38200295

AN - SCOPUS:85181851896

VL - 625

SP - 301

EP - 311

JO - Nature Genetics

JF - Nature Genetics

SN - 1061-4036

IS - 7994

ER -