Streaming instability of multiple particle species: II. Numerical convergence with increasing particle number
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Streaming instability of multiple particle species : II. Numerical convergence with increasing particle number. / Schaffer, Noemi; Johansen, Anders; Lambrechts, Michiel.
In: Astronomy and Astrophysics, Vol. 653, A14, 2021.Research output: Contribution to journal › Journal article › Research › peer-review
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TY - JOUR
T1 - Streaming instability of multiple particle species
T2 - II. Numerical convergence with increasing particle number
AU - Schaffer, Noemi
AU - Johansen, Anders
AU - Lambrechts, Michiel
N1 - Publisher Copyright: © ESO 2021.
PY - 2021
Y1 - 2021
N2 - The streaming instability provides an efficient way of overcoming the growth barriers in the initial stages of the planet formation process. Considering the realistic case of a particle size distribution, the dynamics of the system is altered compared to the outcome of single size models. In order to understand the outcome of the multispecies streaming instability in detail, we perform a large parameter study in terms of particle number, particle size distribution, particle size range, initial metallicity, and initial particle scale height. We study vertically stratified systems and determine the metallicity threshold for filament formation. We compare these with a system where the initial particle distribution is unstratified and find that its evolution follows that of its stratified counterpart. We find that a change in the particle number does not result in significant variation in the efficiency and timing of filament formation. We also see that there is no clear trend for how varying the size distribution in combination with the particle size range changes the outcome of the multispecies streaming instability. Finally, we find that an initial metallicity of Zinit = 0.005 and Zinit = 0.01 both result in similar critical metallicity values for the start of filament formation. Our results show that the inclusion of a particle size distribution into streaming instability simulations, while changing the dynamics as compared to mono-disperse systems, does not result in overall unfavorable conditions for solid growth. We attribute the subdominant role of multiple species to the high-density conditions in the midplane, conditions under which linear stability analysis also predict little difference between single and multiple species.
AB - The streaming instability provides an efficient way of overcoming the growth barriers in the initial stages of the planet formation process. Considering the realistic case of a particle size distribution, the dynamics of the system is altered compared to the outcome of single size models. In order to understand the outcome of the multispecies streaming instability in detail, we perform a large parameter study in terms of particle number, particle size distribution, particle size range, initial metallicity, and initial particle scale height. We study vertically stratified systems and determine the metallicity threshold for filament formation. We compare these with a system where the initial particle distribution is unstratified and find that its evolution follows that of its stratified counterpart. We find that a change in the particle number does not result in significant variation in the efficiency and timing of filament formation. We also see that there is no clear trend for how varying the size distribution in combination with the particle size range changes the outcome of the multispecies streaming instability. Finally, we find that an initial metallicity of Zinit = 0.005 and Zinit = 0.01 both result in similar critical metallicity values for the start of filament formation. Our results show that the inclusion of a particle size distribution into streaming instability simulations, while changing the dynamics as compared to mono-disperse systems, does not result in overall unfavorable conditions for solid growth. We attribute the subdominant role of multiple species to the high-density conditions in the midplane, conditions under which linear stability analysis also predict little difference between single and multiple species.
KW - Diffusion
KW - Hydrodynamics
KW - Instabilities
KW - Methods: numerical
KW - Protoplanetary disks
KW - Turbulence
U2 - 10.1051/0004-6361/202140690
DO - 10.1051/0004-6361/202140690
M3 - Journal article
AN - SCOPUS:85114208684
VL - 653
JO - Astronomy & Astrophysics
JF - Astronomy & Astrophysics
SN - 0004-6361
M1 - A14
ER -
ID: 281702953